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The Zostavax vaccine is specifically recommended for individuals aged 50 and older as a preventative measure against herpes zoster (shingles). This age group has been identified as having a higher risk of developing shingles due to the natural decline in immunity that occurs with aging. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that vaccination can help reduce the incidence and severity of shingles and the associated complications, such as postherpetic neuralgia.

In contrast, younger individuals, particularly those under 30, do not typically have a significant risk for shingles, as it is more common in older adults. The vaccine is not recommended for all ages because its efficacy and safety profile have been specifically studied and confirmed in adults aged 50 and older. Immunocompromised individuals may need a different approach, as live vaccines like Zostavax are generally contraindicated in such populations. Hence, targeting the vaccine to those aged 50 and older ensures that it is used effectively to benefit those most at risk.